Logistics and operation managment Free Essay Example, 2250 words

It is commonly heard from the manager that they have about 10 years of supply of certain items. However the major concerns related to inventory management are the level of customers availing the service of the organization and cost associated with carrying and ordering inventories (Dooley, 2013). When the inter-link between the inventory management, capacity planning and scheduling is broken, it may result in overproduction, which may be a loss for the organization as the manufactured product may turn obsolete. It occurs when the organization allows every production operation to work as fast as it can, without concerning the balance between the working of other production operations. The imbalance between the inventory management, capacity planning and scheduling seems to be the result of ineffective management of the material. It is important for the organization to balance the supply chain processes, as not developing effective link between them can lead to disastrous results for the firm. The imbalance between these supply chain operation results in several operational challenges for the organizations such as suppliers’ issue, delivery delay, shortages or excess of product, demand upside, etc. We will write a custom essay sample on Logistics and operation managment or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now These lists of challenges will only grow for the organization, if immediate action is not taken to for restoring the balance of the supply chain processes. It is observed that supply chain organizations are always facing some kind of intense budget constraints. In situations like these the organizations are seen flitting from one issue to the other. The managers do not have time to step back and analyze each step of the supply chain process, however they seems to be more concern with gaining control immediate control over the situation. This is when the imbalance between inventory management, capacity planning and scheduling grows and become and alarming issue for the organization. The continuous problems faced by the managers as the result of imbalance in inventory management, capacity planning and scheduling reduce the morale of the production managers as they start doubting their capabilities. This psychological effect resulting from the imbalanc e of the supply chain process may not be evident in short term but their long term effects cannot be ignored at any cost. Inefficiency in the supply chain process may provoke the higher management to question the credibility of the manager. Many of them may have to lose their job as the result of the continuous loss faced by the firm.

Why Was The Declaration Of Independence Written - 1089 Words

Why was the Declaration of Independence Written? Just like many other politically based holidays such Martin Luther King Jr. Day, Memorial Day, or Labor Day, the American people don’t really understand as a whole what the 4th of July really means or why the Declaration of Independence was adopted. There were true struggles that occurred during these times of oppression that jolted the revolution of America. Today’s America focuses on the liberties gained from it and the sole fact that the Declaration was signed on July 4th by future presidents, but do not know what caused it to be written or what was to be accomplished. Google Scholar The writing of the Declaration of Independence had many causes and reasons to be written. People of this century might not understand how the colonists of the 18th century felt. Today there are many laws and taxes put in place, so many that we can’t keep track, that it is only second nature to accept them. For the colonists, these were hard to accept and one by one kept building tension(resentment), as if each were a breath of air into a balloon before it popped. Carl Becker stated that the writing of the Declaration was, â€Å"Not to declare independence, but to proclaim to the world the reasons for declaring independence†(p. 5). It was intended to say that they had already had independence and that they had the same right of every free people; the natural rights of man. It was to centralize their political leader’s idealizations of unfairlyShow MoreRelatedThe Declaration Of Independence By The United States1106 Words   |  5 PagesThe setting of the Declaration of Independence was the United States. It was declared on July 4, 1776. After the Boston tea party rebellion the United states wanted their independence. One will describe why the declaration of independence was written. What lead to the cause for writing such a document. The leaders who wrote the declaration. And what the colony was going through for it to lead to the circumstances. One will look at how England was treating the colonies that made them want to be the irRead MoreInfluence Of The Declaration Of Independence711 Words   |  3 PagesThe Influence of the Declaration of Independence The Declaration of Independence written by Thomas Jefferson in 1776, influenced the US Constitution and the Bill of Rights which was later written by James Madison in 1787. The purpose of the Declaration of Independence was to declare independence from England and outline what rights they wanted and why they should have them because their voices and opinions were not being heard. The goal for the US Constitution was to ensure that the new governmentRead MoreImportance Of The Declaration Of Independence707 Words   |  3 PagesThe Declaration of Independence was written in 1776 and its purpose was to declare America colonies be free and independent from Great Britain, get other colonists on board, and to encourage other nations to help them withdraw from the British. The first draft was of Declaration of Independence was written by Thomas Jefferson and then edit by Franklin and Adams and on July 4 the Declaration had been officially adopted by Committee of Five. In the draft Thoma s Jefferson was trying to break connectionsRead MoreSimilarities Between The Declaration Of Independence And The Declaration Of Independence948 Words   |  4 Pagesof time and have become statement pieces for our society. In this group, the Declaration of Independence by Thomas Jefferson and Common Sense by Thomas Paine both hold high positions. Thomas Paine wrote â€Å"The Crisis†, which was a chapter in his pamphlet Common Sense, which advocated that the thirteen original colonies gain independence from Great Britain. The Declaration of Independence was a government document written in 1776 that proclaims America a state of democracy not connected to Britain.Read MoreThe Declaration Of Independence By Thomas Jefferson1113 Words   |  5 PagesStates Constitution, Declaration of Independence share many similarities and probably the same amount of differences. The Unites States Constitution was written on 17 September 1787 and the Declaration of Independence was written on 4 July 1776, the dates hold no significance at that time, but the Declaration was written first. This shows that out of the three the Declaration of Independence was written first, and with that being said was most important. Usually documents written and signed first becomesRead MoreThe Declaration Of Independence And Independence877 Words   |  4 PagesThe Declaration of Independence The Declaration of Independence is without a doubt one of the most important documents ever to be written in American history so far. It was signed by fifty-six different men, all who were representatives from different states. The person who wrote the Declaration of Independence is someone who we all know and grew up learning about, the famous Thomas Jefferson. The purpose of it was to declare the 13 colonies in America free and independent from Great Britain, getRead MoreThe Opinion Of The Declaration Of Independence880 Words   |  4 Pagesfreedom began with the signing of a very important document called the Declaration of Independence. In 1776, the Declaration of Independence was written by Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, Roger Sherman, Robert Livingston, Benjamin Franklin, and signed by John Hancock. It was written in a time of turmoil between the 13 original colonies and Britain. It has three parts – the preamble, indictment and conclusion. The Declaration was writt en to provide a theoretical case for revolution, to list complaintsRead MoreCommon Sense And The Declaration Of Independence1517 Words   |  7 PagesCommon Sense and the Declaration of Independence are two very important documents in American history. Written by Thomas Paine, although not an official document, promotes thoughts that the citizens understood and needed, but did not know how to express their actions and ideas. The Declaration states the necessary reasons for independence in the colonies as well as the importance that their are equal rights. The Declaration announced to the world as a unanimous decision that the thirteen coloniesRead MoreThe s Belief That All Men1295 Words   |  6 PagesPublished on March 8, 1775, On African Slavery by Thomas Paine was available for the public ten months and two days before Common Sense. Despite the difference in publishing dates these two written works provide numerous similarities. For example, On African Slavery is addressed â⠂¬Å"To Americans:† (Paine 1) and Common Sense is similarly â€Å"Addressed to the Inhabitants of America† (1). Furthermore, both written works address Paine’s belief that all men are â€Å"originally equals† (71). In Common Sense, PaineRead MoreThomas Paine Common Sense Analysis1052 Words   |  5 PagesThe birth of a nation does not happen overnight nor with one word. One can clearly see how words and ideas have an impact on people’s thoughts and writing by examining â€Å"The Declaration of Independence† and Thomas Paine’s â€Å"Common Sense.† Basically, the two documents echo principles stated in John Locke’s â€Å"Second Treatise of Government,† and share a style of expressing their feelings on national issues; the authors examine and give reasons for colonial problems with the government and offer a solution

Methodology for Engineering and Construction Domain-Case Study

Question: Describe about the Methodology for Engineering and Construction Domain. Answer: Introduction: In this report project management methodologies that can applied in an engineering and construction domain are written. The case study that is chosen for this report includes the challenges that are faced by the construction industry. The challenges will be seen from the view of a project manager. The methodologies that can be applied in order to solve the problems or the challenges faced by the project manager of the construction industry are also included in this report. The proper sequence and all the components or processes of the project management in a construction industry are also included in this report. The information regarding the project management methodologies are taken from PMBOK which is a popular resource of important information and guidelines of project management throughout the world. Project management and engineering and construction industry: Project management can be defined as the system where a combination of tools, skills, knowledge and different techniques are applied to the activities of a particular project in order to achieve the requirements of the project (PMBOK guide, 2000). There are different steps that are to be followed in proper order in order to accomplish a successful project or to manage a project effectively and efficiently. These steps or process are known as initiating, planning, executing, controlling and closing (Collins, 2011). There are several areas that are to be managed by a project management team and these area are known as management of the integrity of the project, scope of the project management, management of the project time or duration, management of the costs of the project, quality management of the project, managing the human resource system of the project and project communications management (Kerzner, 2001). The risks in a project are also to be managed by the project management t eam. Procure management is another important activity of the project management team. All these are included in a construction industry and the project management team of a construction work must execute all of these. In case of a construction industry these are explained below: Project integration management: In this segment it is the duty of the project management team or the project manager to ensure that all the activities and the elements of a project are properly co ordinated and integrated with each other (PMBOK guide, 2000). The construction industry contains a lot of complicated activities and therefore, in order to make the construction project work successful and effective ( also efficient ), all the activities and elements of a construction work must be properly co ordinated and integrated with each other. Project scope management: In this segment all the works that are required to be done in order to meet the objectives of the project work are described (PMBOK guide, 2000). It includes the processes of the project management such as initiation, scope of the planning, scope of the definition, scope of the verification, developing the schedule and controlling the developed schedule. Project time management: In this segment the project management team estimates the time required for each and every activity that are performed in the project work and as a result of this the time of the entire project can be estimated (PMBOK guide, 2000). In order to do this, the works are broken into small works or activities, and then they are defined properly, after these small jobs are properly sequenced so that no time can be wasted. From the estimation of the duration of the activities a schedule is also developed and then this developed scheduled is properly controlled by the project management team or the project manager. Project cost management: It is one of the most important tasks of the project management team. The project management team or the project manager needs to control the costs of the project so that the entire project work can be completed within the specified budget (PMBOK guide, 2000). It includes several activities like cost control, cost budgeting, cost estimating, resource planning and other similar jobs. In an engineering and construction industry all the jobs are broken into small activities and then the costs are estimated. They are arranged in proper order in which the costs will be reduced at the minimal level in order to reduce the cost of the entire project work (Collins, 2011). The main objective of the project management team in an engineering and construction industry is to keep the cost of the entire project within the specified budget. Project quality management: The project management team is also responsible for ensuring that the quality of the entire project can meet the requirements of the project (PMBOK guide, 2000). In this segment there are also several activities that are to be performed by the project management team and these are known as quality control, quality assurance and quality planning (Kent and Becerik-Gerber, 2010). In an engineering and construction industry quality management is done by performing four steps sequentially and these four steps are known as the development and implication of the quality policy, development of the quality objectives, generating requirement standards and other regulatory and statutory requirements. In order to maintain the quality procedures all the documents must be properly controlled. The records and the non conforming products are also to be controlled properly (Collins, 2011). All the internal qualities must be properly audited. The project management team is also responsible for taking proper corrective and preventive actions according to the requirements. All the plans and reports must be properly inspected in order to ensure the quality of the work. A check list must be made by the project management team of an engineering and construction industry in order to ensure that all the required activities are being properly performed. Project human resource management: It is the most important duty of the project management team to ensure that the employees or the workers who are involved in the project work are properly skilled and efficient (PMBOK guide, 2000). In order to execute proper human resource management, proper organisation planning is required. It also needs proper acquisition of the staff and efficient team development. In an engineering and construction industry different types of activities are performed and therefore in this industry different types of employees and workers are also required. The project management team of an engineering and construction industry must ensure that none of the employees or the workers face any difficulty or problem in the construction site (Hughes et al., 2004). Proper co ordination must be kept among them. All the employees and workers must be properly trained, skilled and qualified for the job for which they are recruited. Project communications management: The project management team or the project manager is also responsible for ensuring proper generation, dissemination, collection, disposition and storage of the information of the project (PMBOK guide, 2000). It requires proper communication planning, reporting of the performance, distribution of the information and the closure of the administrative information. As an engineering and construction industry contains a lot of activities and all the activities are inter related with each other, proper information is required for executing the entire project work successfully (Heerkens, 2002). Therefore in engineering and construction industry communications management is very important. Project risk management: The project management team needs to identify the probability of all the possible risks. After identifying the risks they are also analysed and according to the chance of occurrence the required actions are taken (PMBOK guide, 2000). It includes a risk management planning. First of all the risks are identified. Then they are analysed qualitatively. Not only qualitative, but after this a quantitative analysis of the identified risks are also done. A risk response planning is also made in this portion of the project management methodology. Then they are properly monitored and controlled. In an engineering and construction industry, there are different types of risks that can take place. The risks in the engineering and construction industry are classified into several classes and these are known as technical risks, logistical risks, management related risks, environmental risks, financial risks, and socio political risks (Deeprose, 2002). The technical risks include several factors li ke improper investigation of the construction site, incomplete design, improper specifications, and the uncertainty and unavailability of the source of the materials. The logistical risks include the factors like inadequate transportation facilities and unavailability of the equipments and spare parts that are used in the engineering and construction industry. The management related risks include the risks of uncertain productivity and different types of problems in the industrial relations. The environmental risks include the risks like natural disaster and seasonal and weather problems (Lambeck and Eschemuller, 2009). The financial risk is the risk that must be analysed properly. It includes the risks like local taxes, inflation, payment delays, and repartition of the funds and the fluctuation of the foreign exchange. On the other hand the socio political risks include the risks like the insistence on the use of the domestic or local agents and firms. The problems of the restrict ion of the customs in importing a foreign material are another important risk factor and it is also included in the socio political risks. In construction project there some common sources from which different types of risks can take place within the organisation and these common sources of risks are given below (Deeprose, 2002): Alteration in the requirements and scopes of the construction project Errors in the design Design omission Roles and responsibilities are not properly defined Inadequate skilled staff Subcontractor Insufficient experience of the contractor New methods and technology Uncertainty regarding the primary relationship among the project participants Force majeure Unfamiliar with the new methods and technology in the construction industry Project procurement management: The project management team describes the methods that can be used for acquiring goods and also different types of services from the outside of the organisation that is performing (A guide to the project management body of knowledge (PMBOK guide, 2000). There are several activities that are to be performed in order to make the procure management successful and effective. It includes the activities like procurement planning, selection of source, solicitation, planning of solicitation, administration of the contract, and the close out of the contract (Harbhajan Singh, 2009). In case of an engineering and construction industry there are four main principles of the procurement processes and these are known as general contracting, design and build, construction management and the contract management. In case of general contracting, it is the traditional or conventional procurement method. In this method the contractor works with the employer (Tang, 2003). Conclusion: It can be concluded from the report that the project management methodologies are very important in an engineering and construction industry. The project management team and the project manager of an engineering and construction industry must be effective and efficient in order to make the entire construction work successful. From the report it can also be understood that the project management team can improve the efficiency of the entire construction work significantly. References A guide to the project management body of knowledge (PMBOK guide), (2000). Collins, R. (2011).Project management. New York: Nova Science Publishers. Deeprose, D. (2002).Project management. Oxford, U.K.: Capstone Pub. Harbhajan Singh, (2009).Construction project management. Chandigarh: Abhishek Publications. Heerkens, G. (2002).Project management. New York: McGraw-Hill. Hughes, S., Tippett, D. and Thomas, W. (2004). Measuring Project Success in the Construction Industry.Engineering Management Journal, 16(3), pp.31-37. Kent, D. and Becerik-Gerber, B. (2010). Understanding Construction Industry Experience and Attitudes toward Integrated Project Delivery.Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 136(8), pp.815-825. Kerzner, H. (2001).Project management. New York: John Wiley. Lambeck, R. and Eschemuller, J. (2009).Urban construction project management. New York: McGraw-Hill. Tang, S. (2003).Modern construction project management. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.